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Kinder- und Betreuungsfreibetrag

 

Beide Eltern teilen sich den Kinderfreibetrag und den Betreuungsfreibetrag (Erziehungsfreibetrag für Betreuungs- und Erziehungs- oder Ausbildungsbedarf) je zur Hälfte. Auf Antrag kann auch eine andere Verteilung oder eine Übertragung der Freibeträge erfolgen.



When and how can I transfer the BEA allowance?

With an amendment to Section 32 (6) sentence 6 of the Income Tax Act (EStG) from 2021, it has been stipulated that the transfer of the child allowance always also leads to the transfer of the allowance for care, education, or training needs (BEA allowance).

If you are separated from your partner, you can have their allowance transferred to you, or it will already be transferred by law.

However: Although the transfer of the child allowance through a legal fiction (Section 32 (6) sentence 6 EStG) always also leads to the transfer of the BEA allowance, the right to object remains - but only for minor children.

The transfer of the BEA allowance must be made in the "Form Child". The transfer is not possible if the child is registered at the homes of both parents. The parent obliged to pay maintenance, with whom the child is not registered, can object to the transfer of the BEA allowance for minor children if they bear childcare costs or regularly care for the child to a significant extent. If one parent does not sufficiently meet their maintenance obligations (at least 75 percent), the other parent can have the child allowance transferred to them. This also involves the transfer of the BEA allowance.

Example

The parents of Hans (12 years old) are separated. Hans is registered with his mother all year round.

Case 1: The father fulfils less than 75 percent of his maintenance obligation. The mother can have the child allowance transferred to her in this case. The BEA allowance is automatically transferred to the mother as well.

Case 2: The father fulfils his maintenance obligation. In this case, the mother can have the BEA allowance transferred to her, but not the child allowance.

When and how can I transfer the BEA allowance?



How can the child allowance for a grandchild or stepchild be transferred?

If the grandparents or stepparents have taken the child in, the child allowance can be transferred to them. The BEA allowance (allowance for care, education, or training needs) is automatically transferred to the grandparents or stepparents as well.

Since 2012, it has also been possible to transfer the allowances under certain circumstances if the child does not live with the grandparents. This applies if they have a maintenance obligation towards their grandchildren because the parents are without means.

For the transfer of the allowance, the consent of one parent or, in the case of jointly assessed parents, both partners is required. This consent is given in Form K of the tax return. Consent can be revoked at any time, but not for past calendar years.

How can the child allowance for a grandchild or stepchild be transferred?



Can I transfer the child allowance / BEA allowance to another person?

In certain cases, you can transfer your half of the child allowance and the half allowance for care, education, or training needs (BEA allowance) to the other parent. This is possible if you are not married, permanently separated, or divorced. However, a mutual agreement is not sufficient.

You, as the custodial parent, can apply for the transfer of the child allowance if the parent obliged to pay maintenance does not fulfil their maintenance obligation to at least 75 percent. In this case, you will receive not only the full child allowance but also the full BEA allowance automatically. Since 2012, the allowance can also be transferred if the other parent is not obliged to pay maintenance due to lack of financial capacity. If you are forced to support the child alone, you are also entitled to the full child and BEA allowance.

Important

Maintenance obligations are not only monetary. If the child lives with the respective parent, they are already fulfilling their maintenance obligation.

Regardless of the maintenance issue, the child allowance can also be transferred if one parent lives permanently abroad or if their residence is unknown.

The BEA allowance can also be transferred. However, due to a ruling by the BFH and a subsequent change in the law, the transfer of the BEA allowance has become very complex.

The previous administrative practice was that for both minor and adult children, the BEA allowance followed the transfer of the child allowance. The practical case was often as follows:

The child lives with parent Anna; parent Bruno does not pay maintenance and does not particularly care for the child. Parent Anna is therefore entitled to both allowances in full upon application.

However, the Federal Fiscal Court ruled that the BEA allowance to which parent Bruno is in principle entitled cannot be transferred to Anna after the child reaches adulthood, even in the event of a breach of maintenance obligations. This means that the single parent is denied half of the BEA allowance for the adult child, even though they bear the child's maintenance costs alone (BFH rulings of 22.4.2020, III R 61/18 and III R 25/19). This seems unfair, and so the legislator reacted: With an amendment to § 32 paragraph 6 sentence 6 EStG, it was stipulated that the transfer of the child allowance always also leads to the transfer of the BEA allowance - but only from 2021 onwards.

Up to this point, it is already quite complicated. But it gets even more complicated! Because the legislator did not change sentence 9 of § 32 para. 6 EStG, which states: "A transfer .... is excluded if the transfer is objected to because the parent with whom the child is not registered bears childcare costs or regularly cares for the child to a significant extent."

This means: Although the transfer of the child allowance by legal fiction (§ 32 para. 6 sentence 6 EStG) always also leads to the transfer of the BEA allowance, the possibility of objection for minor children remains. But which case is affected by this?

 

Example

A minor child lives with the mother. The father fulfils his maintenance obligation, so the mother cannot have half of the child allowance transferred. However, the mother believes that the father does not care for the child and applies for the transfer of the BEA allowance.

The father can object if he proves that he also bears childcare costs or cares for the child to a significant extent. In this case, the child allowance and BEA allowance remain half for each parent. This transfer with the corresponding right of objection is only available for minor children.

 

The question is when care is provided "to a significant extent". The law does not further explain the criterion of regular care "to a significant extent". However, the BFH has clarified what is meant by care "to a significant extent":

  • This is the case if the time spent caring for the child by the parent obliged to pay maintenance amounts to an average of 10% per year, with other indicators in this case regularly being negligible (BFH ruling of 8.11.2017, III R 2/16).
  • According to the BFH, the extent of care requires an overall assessment taking into account all objective circumstances of the individual case. The assessment may depend on a variety of factors that naturally vary in weight depending on the case. These include, in particular, the frequency and length of contact between the objecting parent and the child, which are in turn influenced by the child's age and the distance between the parents' residences. For reasons of simplification, the BFH arrives at the aforementioned limit of 10% of the time spent caring for the child.

If the child lives with grandparents or a stepparent, the child allowance and BEA allowance can also be transferred to them. This requires the application of one parent. This transfer can be revoked at any time with regard to future years. Parents who are jointly assessed may only transfer allowances to the grandparents together. In this case, please enclose the "Form K" with your tax return.

Can I transfer the child allowance / BEA allowance to another person?



Welche Auswirkungen hat ein Auslandsaufenthalt meines Kindes auf den Kinderfreibetrag?

Kinderfreibetrag bei Auslandsaufenthalt

Der Kinderfreibetrag sowie der BEA-Freibetrag (für Betreuung, Erziehung und Ausbildung) stehen Eltern auch dann zu, wenn ihr Kind im Ausland lebt – vorausgesetzt, die Eltern sind in Deutschland unbeschränkt einkommensteuerpflichtig.

Kürzung der Freibeträge bei dauerhaftem Auslandsaufenthalt

Der Wohnsitz des Kindes beeinflusst die Höhe der Freibeträge. Je nach Aufenthaltsland können sie um ein Viertel, die Hälfte oder drei Viertel gekürzt werden. Grundlage ist die Ländergruppeneinteilung des Bundesfinanzministeriums, die sich an den Lebenshaltungskosten orientiert. Sie wirkt sich aus auf:

  • Kinderfreibetrag
  • BEA-Freibetrag
  • Ausbildungsfreibetrag
  • Kinderbetreuungskosten

Keine Kürzung

Kindergeld bei Auslandsaufenthalt

Für Kinder mit Wohnsitz in einem EU- oder EWR-Staat besteht der Anspruch auf Kindergeld fort, sofern keine vergleichbaren Familienleistungen im Ausland bezogen werden.

Außerhalb von EU und EWR ist Kindergeld nur möglich, wenn das Kind weiterhin einen inländischen Wohnsitz oder den gewöhnlichen Aufenthalt in Deutschland hat.

Voraussetzungen für einen fortbestehenden Wohnsitz in Deutschland

Ein Kind, das länger als ein Jahr außerhalb von EU oder EWR lebt, gilt laut BFH nur dann als im Inland wohnhaft, wenn:

  • geeignete Wohnräume dauerhaft bei den Eltern zur Verfügung stehen,
  • es diese jederzeit nutzen kann,
  • und es die Wohnung regelmäßig während der ausbildungsfreien Zeiten (Ferien) nutzt.

(BFH-Urteil vom 28.4.2022, III R 12/20)

Praktische Hinweise für längere Auslandsaufenthalte
  • Kurzbesuche reichen nicht aus, um den Wohnsitz aufrechtzuerhalten.
  • Finanzielle Gründe entschuldigen fehlende Heimreisen nicht.
  • Eltern sollten Reisebelege und Studienunterlagen aufbewahren.
Besonderheiten bei Auslandsstudium
  • Bei einem auf ein Jahr befristeten Auslandsstudium bleibt der Kindergeldanspruch bestehen – auch ohne Heimreise.
  • Wird der Aufenthalt verlängert, gelten ab diesem Zeitpunkt strengere Anforderungen (mehrheitlicher Aufenthalt in Deutschland während der Ferien).
  • Prüfungsvorbereitungen im Ausland zählen nicht als Ferienzeit.

BFH-Urteile vom 21.6.2023 (III R 11/21) und 20.2.2025 (III R 32/23)

Sonderregelungen bei Sozialversicherungsabkommen

Bei Ländern mit einem Sozialversicherungsabkommen (z. B. Türkei) gelten besondere Kindergeldregelungen. Bitte lassen Sie sich individuell beraten.

Welche Auswirkungen hat ein Auslandsaufenthalt meines Kindes auf den Kinderfreibetrag?



Was ist der Kinderfreibetrag?

Kindergeld und Kinderfreibetrag dienen als steuerliche Entlastung für Eltern, um die finanziellen Belastungen durch ein Kind abzufedern. Der Anspruch auf Kindergeld besteht ab Geburt automatisch, muss aber schriftlich beantragt werden – in der Regel bei der Familienkasse.

Wichtig: Der Anspruch auf Kindergeld oder den Kinderfreibetrag steht nicht dem Kind, sondern den Eltern bzw. Erziehungsberechtigten zu.

Kindergeld

Das Kindergeld wird monatlich ausgezahlt und ist steuerfrei. Die Höhe richtet sich nach der Anzahl der Kinder. Es wird in der Regel von der Familienkasse auf das Konto der Eltern überwiesen.

Kinderfreibetrag

Der Kinderfreibetrag wird nicht ausgezahlt, sondern bei der Einkommensteuerveranlagung vom zu versteuernden Einkommen abgezogen. Er reduziert somit die Steuerlast.

Das Kindergeld gilt als Vorauszahlung auf den Kinderfreibetrag. Das Finanzamt prüft im Rahmen der Steuerveranlagung automatisch, was für die Eltern günstiger ist – Kindergeld oder Freibetrag (→ Günstigerprüfung).

Kinderfreibeträge im Jahr 2025:

  • 6.672 Euro für zusammen veranlagte Eltern
  • 3.336 Euro je Elternteil bei Einzelveranlagung
  • 2.928 Euro BEA-Freibetrag (für Betreuung, Erziehung und Ausbildung)
Anspruchsdauer

Ein Anspruch auf Kindergeld oder Kinderfreibetrag besteht:

  • bis zum 18. Lebensjahr des Kindes
  • bis zum 25. Lebensjahr, wenn das Kind sich in einer Ausbildung, einem Studium oder einem Freiwilligendienst befindet
  • Unbegrenzt, wenn das Kind behindert ist und sich nicht selbst unterhalten kann

Was ist der Kinderfreibetrag?

Field help

We as step-/grandparents claim the transfer of allowances.

Select "Yes" here if you want to claim child allowance and child-raising allowance as a step-parent or grandparent and the natural parents have agreed to the transfer of these allowances.

Important condition for transfer:

  • You have taken the child into your household or
  • You have a maintenance obligation towards the child/grandchild e.g if one or both parents are unable to fulfill this obligation.

Please submit "Form K - Consent to the transfer of child allowance and child-raising allowance" with your tax return to prove that parental consent has been gven for this transfer of child allowances.

We agree to the transfer of the allowances to the step-/grandparents.

Select "Yes" if you do not yourself want to claim child allowance and child-raising allowance (for care and education or training needs) but instead want to transfer it to a stepparent or to the grandparents.

Important condition for transfer:

  • The stepparents/grandparents have accepted the child into their household or
  • The stepparents/grandparents have a maintenance obligation towards the child/grandchild, e.g. if one or both of the parents are unable to fulfill this responsibility.

Please submit "Form K - Consent to the transfer of child allowance and child-raising allowance" with your tax return to prove parental consent to the transfer of these allowances.

If the child allowance and child-raising allowance are transferred, these allowances will no longer be taken into acccount for the calculations made by SteuerGo.

Has the other parent fulfilled less than 75% of his or her maintenance obligation?

Select "yes" if the other parent has fulfilled less than 75% of his or her maintenance obligation towards the child.

Then you can claim (without the consent of the other parent) the full child allowance and the full care allowance. The other parent does not receive any allowance for this child.

If full allowances are applied for, both the full child benefit claim and the full child allowances are taken into account in the tax return.

I apply for the full childcare allowance because was not registered with the other parent in 2025.

Select "yes" here if you want to apply for the transfer of the full care allowance (child-raising allowance for childcare, upbringing and education).

You can claim the full care allowance if the underage child was registered only at your place but not at the other parent. The application can be made without the consent of the other parent if the child was not registered in the household of the other parent.

Important: However, since 2012, the other parent may object to a transfer if he or she has borne expenses for the care, upbringing or education of the child and has himself or herself taken care of the child to a significant extent.

Please enter information only for underage children!

We have a maintenance obligation towards the child or the child belonged to our household.

Select "Yes" if you want to claim child allowance as a step/grandparent,

  • Because you have taken the child into your household or
  • Because you have a specific maintenance obligation towards the child/grandchild, e.g. if one or both parents are unable to fulill this responsibility.

Please submit "Form K - Consent to the transfer of child allowance and child-rasising allowance" with your tax return to prove the parental consent for transfer of these allowances.

I therefore request the full allowances.

Tick this box if you want to have the full child and upbringing tax allowances transferred to you.

Time period in which was not registered at the other parent:

Enter the time period in which the child was not registered at the other parent.

Therefore, you can only claim the full care allowance if the child was not registered with the other parent and has not yet reached the full age.

Example: The child was not registered with the other parent and reaches full age on 01.07.2025. Consequently, the child reaches the age of 18 at the end of 30.06.2025. On 01.07.2025 the child is therefore no longer underage. In this case, the child-raising allowance can only be applied for from 01.01. until 30.06.

Time period in which the maintenance obligation existed for :

Enter here the time period in which you fulfil a maintenance obligation towards the child/grandchild, for example, if one or both parents are unable to pay maintenance.

For the parents' consent, enclose "Form K" with your tax return.

Were maintenance payments made in 2025 according to the Advance Maintenance Payment Law (Unterhaltsvorschussgesetz)?

Select "yes" if the child received maintenance payments under the Advance Maintenance Payment Law in 2025.

Important: A transfer of the tax-free allowances is excluded for periods during which maintenance payments were made in accordance with the Maintenance Advance Payment Law.

The purpose of the advance maintenance payment is to partially secure the child's livelihood if the parent who is away from the family withdraws from the obligation to pay maintenance in whole or in part, is not able or not fully able to do so or has died.

Time period during which maintenance payments were made:

Enter the period in which the child received maintenance payments in accordance with the Advance Maintenance Payment Law.

Was the other parent not liable to pay maintenance due to lack of financial capacity?

Select "yes" if the other parent was not liable to provide maintenance for the child due to lack of financial means.

In addition, if you have not been paid an advance maintenance payment, you can claim the full child and care allowance without the consent of the other parent. The other parent does not receive allowances for that child.

Was not registered at your home and did the other parent apply for the full care allowance?

Select "yes" here if the child was not registered with you and the other parent has requested the transfer of the full care allowance (Educational allowance for care, education and professional training).

In this case, the care allowance is not granted and is also not taken into account in the calculation of SteuerGo. The child allowance and child benefit continue to be taken into account equally for both parents.

You can claim the full parental allowance if the underage child was registered only with you and not with the other parent. The application can be made without the consent of the other parent if the child was not registered in the other parent's household.

Important: The other parent can object to a transfer if he or she has borne expenses for the care, upbringing or education of the child and has himself or herself looked after the child to a significant extent.

Please enter information only for underage children!
Time period in which was not registered at my place:

Enter the time period in which the child was not registered at your home.

You cannot claim the childcare allowance if the child was not registered at your home, and the other parent applied for the transfer of the childcare allowance. In this case, you are not entitled to the half of the care allowance and it is not included in the calculation of SteuerGo.

Important: Since 2012, you can object to such a transfer if you have also incurred expenses for the care, upbringing or education of the child and have yourself taken care of the child to a significant extent. In this case, you would still be entitled to half of the care allowance.

Did both parents agree to the transfer to the grandparents?

Specify whether both parents have given their consent to the transfer of allowances to the grandparents.

Note: If one parent has died, the other parent is entitled to the full allowance. In this case, please still select option 2 ("Both parents have given their consent").