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(2023) How is my pension from an occupational pension scheme taxed?

Dieser Text bezieht sich auf die Steuererklärung 2023. Die aktuelle Version für die Steuererklärung 2025 finden Sie unter:
(2025): How is my pension from an occupational pension scheme taxed?

Pensions from occupational pension schemes are part of the so-called basic provision, like pensions from the statutory pension insurance. This means:

  • Taxation is based on the so-called taxable portion. This is a certain percentage legally fixed for the year the pension begins.
  • The taxable portion depends on the year the pension begins. It started at 50 percent in 2005 and increased by 2 percentage points for each new pensioner cohort from 2006 to 2020, and by 1 percentage point from 2021. Originally, people retiring from 2040 onwards were to fully tax their statutory pension income. However, due to amended legislation, the taxable portion will increase by only half a percentage point annually starting with the 2023 pensioner cohort, reaching 100 percent for the 2058 cohort for the first time (§ 22 No. 1. a) aa) EStG, amended by the "Growth Opportunities Act"). For pensioners who receive their pension for the first time in 2023, the taxable portion is therefore 82.5% of the pension amount.
  • The taxable portion is used to tax the pension only in the year the pension begins and in the second year of receipt.
  • In the second year of receipt, the remaining amount after deducting the taxable portion is the personal pension allowance, which remains tax-free for life.
  • From the third year onwards, the pension is taxed in full after deducting the personal pension allowance and the standard allowance for income-related expenses of 102 Euro.
  • Since the pension allowance remains unchanged for life, any pension increase is fully taxable.

The tax office automatically deducts a standard allowance for income-related expenses of 102 Euro without further proof. If you have higher expenses, you should state them in your tax return to reduce your taxable income.

You can, for example, declare tax consultancy costs (for the R form), pension advice, or a lawyer if they support you with pension matters. However, you must prove these higher expenses.

Example

Hans Müller retired on 1 January 2009 and received a pension of 12,000 Euro last year. For Hans Müller, 58 percent of his pension is taxable, and the pension allowance is 42 percent. So, Müller would have to declare 6,960 Euro as income to the tax office for the year.

However, if he has no other income, he does not have to submit a tax return, as the amount is below the basic allowance of 10,908 Euro (2023). The lifelong pension allowance for Hans Müller is 5,040 Euro. He would only have to tax income above this allowance if it also exceeds the basic allowance.

However: Income from renting and leasing or capital gains must be added to the income.

If Hans Müller were to receive a pension of 15,000 Euro and retire in 2023, he would have to tax 12,375 Euro (82.5 percent) of his pension and therefore also submit a tax return.

Note: The pension allowance for Müller remains the same until the end of his life. Even if his income from the pension increases due to pension adjustments, only 5,040 Euro would be tax-free each year in the first example. The allowance refers to a specific amount of money, not a percentage of the respective pension. Thus, Mr Müller must fully tax future pension adjustments.

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